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It is generally assumed that the purple (anthocyanin-containing) carrot originated in Afghanistan in the region where the Himalayan and Hindu Kush mountains are confluent, and that it was domesticated also in Afghanistan and adjacent regions of Russia, Iran, India, Pakistan and Anatolia. Seedling with long, thin taproot, cordate cotyledons and pinnate first true leaves. Seed (inside the mericarp) with a long embryo embedded in endosperm. Fruit an oblong-ovoid schizocarp, 2-4 mm long, at maturity splitting into 2 mericarps, primary ridges ciliate, secondary ridges with hooked spines. 50 flowers involucral bracts more or less pinnatipartite primary rays 2-25 cm, secondary rays 1-6 cm, pedicels 0.5-1.5 cm long flowers mainly bisexual in primary umbels, in umbels of higher order an increasing number of male flowers may occur in addition to bisexual flowers a few purple-red sterile flowers may be present in the central umbellets, especially in wild plants flower small, 2 mm in diameter, epigynous, white, 5-merous but with 2 carpels and 2 styles. Flowering stalks few to several, branched, each branch ending in a compound umbel (inflorescence) each umbel comprising 50 or more umbellets, each of which has up to ca. Leaves 8-12, growing in a rosette, glabrous, green, with long petiole often sheathed at its base leaf-blade 2-3-pinnate, the segments divided into often linear ultimate lobes. Taproot fleshy, straight, conical to cylindrical, 5-50 cm long and 2-5 cm in diameter at top, orange (most common), reddish-violet, yellow or white the core (xylem) of mature roots is usually somewhat lighter in colour than the phloem, and the top of the root is often green.
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There are several other wild carrot taxa and Daucus species occurring in the Mediterranean area and South-West Asia, most of which are crossable with the cultivated carrot.Īnnual or biennial erect herb, 20-50 cm tall at the mature vegetative stage and 120-150 cm tall when flowering. The modern carrot probably evolved from a wild plant resembling Queen Anne’s Lace. In America it is known as 'Queen Anne’s Lace'. carota, which is very common in Europe and South-West Asia and has been introduced and naturalized elsewhere, notably to North America and Australia. Three main groups of western (carotene) carrot cultivars arose by selection in the 19th and early 20th centuries in western Europe and the USA from the Dutch landraces 'Long Orange' and 'Horn'.Ĭultivated carrots cross readily with the wild carrot taxon D. At present the western carrot is by far the most important, although the eastern carrot is still cultivated in some Asian countries. The western carrot has unbranched roots and is yellow, orange or red, occasionally white leaves strongly dissected, bright green, sparsely hairy normally biennial, but often annual in tropical regions.
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The eastern carrot has branched roots, is yellow, reddish-purple to purple-black, rarely yellowish-orange leaves slightly dissected, greyish-green, pubescent flowering in the first year.
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There are two main groups of cultivated carrot: the eastern (anthocyanin) and western (carotene) carrot. However, for cultivated carrot it is better to classify directly at cultivar level below the species level. The complex is subdivided into 13 subspecies, 12 for wild taxa and one for the cultivated taxon (subsp. Daucus carota is a complex, very variable species comprising wild and cultivated carrots, resulting in a confused taxonomy.